The main disadvantage of bubble sort is time complexity. When the input array is almost sorted and we need to swap just a few elements, then the bubble sort is a good option. Therefore, in the best scenario, the time complexity of the standard bubble sort would be. In addition, O(n) is the best time complexity, when the list has already been sorted. What is the best case efficiency of bubble sort in the improvised version? c) Insertion Sort. Write algorithm of mention the Time & Space complexity of the Algorithm. RE: MCQs on Sorting with answers -Sushil Tiwari (03/17/17) Under the section of sorting question number 11 which is something like "Time complexity of bubble sort in best case is ?" b) Algorithm that uses main memory during the sort MCQ 186: For an internal sorting algorithms, which statement is True or False. The estimation of a time complexity is based on the number of elementary functions performed by an algorithm. b) 2 17. This is the first iteration. I am unsure of how to do this process with Bubble sort. View Answer, 4. The given array is arr = {1, 2, 4, 3}. So at some point during iteration, if no swaps happen for the entire array, it will come out of the loop and there will be no more iterations required. Bubble sort is a sorting algorithm, It works by comparing each pair of adjacent elements and switching their positions if necessary. 1. Q6. This result is based on simple summation (of steps) performed at each stage. Note that the goal is to take input array and sort its elements in ascending order. Best case scenario: The best case scenario occurs when the array is already sorted. This Data Structure and Algorithms - Bubble Sort,Quick Sort,Selection Sort MCQs Based online Test/Quiz Specifically contain those Multiple Choice Questions and answers which were asked in the Previous Competitive Exams already .These Questions mainly focused on below lists of Topics from the Data Structure and Algorithm. In this way, we don’t have to complete all the iterations. In this section, we’ll discuss the steps of bubble sort in detail. If there is no swapping still we continue and complete iterations. We continue this until we finish the required iterations. Hence, the best case time complexity of bubble sort is O(n). Purpose of the article. Ans. for temp variable, is needed. O(n) O(log n) O(n2) O(n log n) Answer: Option C. Similar Questions : 1. a) Merge Sort. [EDIT: In fact cocktail sort (a bidirectional version of bubblesort) should be better as it avoids wasteful rewinds -- thanks Steve Jessop.] Set Flag: = True 2. d) O(n2) The best case running time of the insertion sort is O(n). d) All of the above . Select one: a. View Answer, 2. b) Recursion. Take a test of Data Structures! 1. In the above bubble sort, there are few issues. A directory of Objective Type Questions covering all the Computer Science subjects. The main advantage of Bubble Sort is the simplicity of the algorithm. I suspect it is actually the best sorting algorithm for a machine having a single, arbitrarily slow tape and only O(1) RAM. The best case occurs when the input array is already sorted. a) O(nlogn) View Answer, 7. View Answer, 8. Bubble Sort is an easy-to-implement, stable sorting algorithm with a time complexity of O(n²) in the average and worst cases – and O(n) in the best case. b) O(logn) The best case occurs when the input array is already sorted. Then we check whether the next element (index in ) in the array is greater than the current element or not. So we need to do comparisons in the first iteration, in the second interactions, and so on. What is Stable Sorting ? I understand how bubble sort works and why it is O(n^2) conceptually but I would like to do a proof of this for a paper using the master theorem. Average Case- In average case, bubble sort may require (n/2) passes and O(n) comparisons for each pass. 18.A sort which relatively passes through a list to exchange the first element with any elementless than it and then repeats with a new first element is called_____. For example: In bubble sort, when the input array is already sorted, the time taken by the algorithm is linear i.e. Due to its simplicity, bubble sort is used to introduce sorting algorithms in computer science. What is the time complexity of this, and also, what sorting algorithm does it … ... Best case and worst case time complexity. If the current element is smaller then the next element, we’ll move to the next element in the array. d) Selection Sort . ; Best … Bubble sort is a sorting algorithm, It works by comparing each pair of adjacent elements and switching their positions if necessary. Hence the time complexity of Bubble Sort is O(n 2). 21. if for an algorithm time complexity is given by O(n2) then complexity will: A. constant B. quardratic C. exponential D. none of the mentioned. Time Complexity of Bubble Sort: In bubble sort, as we are iterating through the entire array for each element, the average and the worst-case complexity of bubble sort is O(n²). Hence, the time complexity of the bubble sort in the worst case would be the same as the average case and best case: . Repeat Step 1.Let's consider an array with values {5, 1, 6, 2, 4, 3}Below, we hav… The time complexity of algorithms is most commonly expressed using the big O notation. c) O(n) The best case running time of the insertion sort is O(n). Select the appropriate code that performs bubble sort. a) It is faster b) Quick Sort. How can you improve the best case efficiency in bubble sort? Insertion sort as there is no movement of data if the list is already sorted and complexity is of the order O(N) Q.71 What is the time complexity of Merge sort and Heap sort algorithms? The complexity of Bubble sort algorithm is . Also, the best case time complexity will be O(n), it is when the list is already sorted. A. It repeats this process until all the elements are sorted. ... Median-of-three partitioning is the best method for choosing an appropriate pivot element. This can be achieved by using one boolean variable. Quick sort is the fastest known sorting algorithm because of its highly optimized inner loop. It indicates the maximum required by an algorithm for all input values. Therefore, in the best scenario, the time complexity of the standard bubble sort would be . So, when this happens, we break from the loop after the very first iteration. It is faster than other in case of sorted array and consumes less time … a) 4 The three factors contributing to the sort efficiency considerations are the efficiency in coding, machine run time and the space requirement for running the procedure. A queue data-structure can be used for – a) Expression parsing. (1/2)(n-1) B. b) O(logn) Here we’ll not continue the iterations anymore. But as the array is already sorted, there will be no swaps. Starting with the first element(index = 0), compare the current element with the next element of the array. Time complexity of Bubble sort in Worst Case is O(N^2), which makes it quite inefficient for sorting large data volumes. Furthermore, we’ve shown a detailed analysis of the time complexity for both the versions. Answer for this question is O(n^2) not O(n) as your explanation says.You could verify the correction on Wikipedia or other standard references. To measure Time complexity of an algorithm Big O notation is used which: A. describes limiting behaviour of the function B. characterises a function based on growth of function C. upper bound on growth rate of the function D. all of the mentioned. Hence, the worst case time complexity of bubble sort is O(n x n) = O(n 2). Given an array of size , the first iteration performs comparisons. Assume there are n elements in the array? Performance Analysis: Time Complexity: Worst-case : O(n²)- Since we loop through n elements n times, n being the length of the array, the time complexity of Bubble sort becomes O(n²). A sorting algorithm is said to be stable if and only if two records R and S with the same key and with R appearing before S in the original list, R must appear before S in the sorted list. We should note, however, that bubble sort can sort things both in ascending and descending order. After finishing the required iterations, we’ll get the array sorted in ascending order. We will be able to get to the answer by making a small change to the traditional Bubble Sort Algorithm. This test is Rated positive by 88% students preparing for Computer Science Engineering (CSE).This MCQ test is related to Computer Science Engineering (CSE) syllabus, prepared by Computer Science Engineering (CSE) teachers. 5. Performance Analysis: Time Complexity: Worst-case : O(n²)- Since we loop through n elements n times, n being the length of the array, the time complexity of Bubble sort becomes O(n²). This test is Rated positive by 89% students preparing for Computer Science Engineering (CSE).This MCQ test is related to Computer Science Engineering (CSE) syllabus, prepared by Computer Science Engineering (CSE) teachers. Average : О(n 2) ... get execution time of the algorithm ( How many milliseconds to complete ), populate another array with random integers, try another algorithm, get execution time, ... We know that quick sort is the best sorting algorithm among all the above five algorithms. Bubble Sort. The best case for Bubble Sort Occurs when the given array is sorted array. ... ← Bottom-Up Mergesort Multiple choice Questions … It also includes solved multiple choice questions on internal and external sorting, the time complexity of quicksort, divide and conquer type sorting, ... D. Bubble. Can we improve on this? View Answer, 3. Bubble sort works by continuously swapping the adjacent elements if they appear in the wrong order in the original input list. We’ve presented a standard version and an improved version of the bubble sort algorithm. For small n , Quicksort is slower than Insertion Sort and is therefore usually combined with Insertion Sort in practice. For Bubble Sort the space complexity is O(1), since only one additional space, i.e. The boolean variable is used to check whether the values are swapped at least once in the inner loop. 19) The time complexity of heap sort is …. Bubble sort is used to sort the array elements. The space complexity for Bubble Sort is O(1), because only a single additional memory space is required i.e. Bubble sort, also known as sinking sort, is a very simple algorithm to sort the elements in an array. Hence, the worst case time complexity of bubble sort is O(n x n) = O(n 2). It's an asymptotic notation to represent the time complexity. Q18. Bubble sort (B) Insertion sort (C) Quick sort (D) Algorithm. Time complexity of merge sort is O(N log2 N) Time complexity of heap sort is O(nlog2n) Sort Worst Case Average Case Best Case It is linear taking n steps (if array is sorted already). number of comparisons that can take place when a bubble sort is implemented? In the worst case, the array is reversely sorted. View Answer In this way, we’ll process and complete the swaps for the whole array. If we talk about time complexity, in the average and the worst-case time complexity would be the same as the standard one: . The performance of bubble sort in the modern CPU hardware is very poor. The pass through the list is repeated until the list is sorted. Let’s assume we want to sort the descending array [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1] with Bubble Sort. b) Quick Sort. Algorithm for Bubble Sort: Procedure BubbleSort(DATA: list of sortable items) N= DATA.Length. While sorting is a simple concept, it is a basic principle used in complex computer programs such as file search, data compression, and path finding. For small n, Quicksort is slower than Insertion Sort and is therefore usually combined with Insertion Sort in practice. What are the worst case and best case time complexity of bubble sort consequently? the worst case. The bubble sort is at its best if the input data is sorted. A. Insertion sort B. Bubble Sort Complexity: Loops run twice for each element in an array so it takes time O(n^2). The time complexity is very important factor in deciding whether an algorithm is efficient or not. Picking a first, last or random element as a pivot is not much effective. What is Bubble Sort? In practice it is quadratic. O(N^2) because it sorts only one item in each iteration and in each iteration it has to compare n-i elements. First let’s see the pseudocode of the bubble sort algorithm: Let’s now discuss the steps and the notations used in this algorithm. In the case of the standard version of the bubble sort, we need to do iterations. Sadly with our current pseudocode, there’s no indicator to indicate that the array is sorted, so we’d still go through all the iterations. But, when the input array is in reverse condition, the algorithm takes the maximum time (quadratic) to sort the elements i.e. Q5. d) Algorithm that are considered ‘in place’ 2. An algorithm is. Assume there are n elements in the array? (1/2)(n-1) B. d) O(n2) However, when the swap is completed, I then do a reverse bubble sort on the second element, to maintain the order of the array. d) O(n2) Complexity Analysis Time Complexity of Bubble sort. View Answer, 6. I'm not entirely sure of the worst case time complexity of this, but I think it is O(n^2). RE: MCQs on Sorting with answers -Sushil Tiwari (03/17/17) Under the section of sorting question number 11 which is something like "Time complexity of bubble sort in best case is ?" B - Insertion Sort C - Quick Sort D - Heap Sort Q 16 - Which of the following is example of in-place algorithm? Search for: Menu. This Data Structure and Algorithms - Bubble Sort,Quick Sort,Selection Sort MCQs Based online Test/Quiz Specifically contain those Multiple Choice Questions and answers which were asked in the Previous Competitive Exams already .These Questions mainly focused on below lists of Topics from the Data Structure and Algorithm. The high level overview of all the articles on the site. Bubble sort is used to sort the array elements. What is the worst case complexity of bubble sort? Quicksort is an efficient, unstable sorting algorithm with time complexity of O(n log n) in the best and average case and O(n²) in the worst case. The memory address of the first element of an array is called. In this case, no swapping will happen in the first iteration (The swapped variable will be false). c) O(n) A. O(n) B. O(logn) C. O(n2) b) Algorithm that uses main memory during the sort The usual implementation gives O(n^2) time complexity for best, average, worst case. If the data collection is in sorted form and equally distributed then the run time complexity of interpolation search is – a) Ο (n) b) Ο (1) c) Ο (log n) d) Ο (log (log n)) Q19. a) Algorithm that uses tape or disk during the sort If an array is already in sorted order, and bubble sort makes no swaps, the algorithm can terminate after one pass. What is an external sorting algorithm? All Rights Reserved. If there are no swaps, we can assume that we sorted the input array. Q7. In this tutorial, we’ll discuss the bubble sort algorithm. Understanding Notations of Time Complexity with Example. How many iterations will be done to sort the array? Now let’s talk about the best case and worst case in bubble sort. If the current element is less than the next element, move to the next element. View Answer. We start with the first element (index in the array ). ; Time complexity of Bubble sort in Best Case is O(N). 3. Complexity and capacity (C) Time and space (D) Data and space. The worst-case time complexity of Selection Sort is O(n²). d) Heap Sort . View Answer, 10. Computer Science MCQ collection website that provide Sample question answer and tips for competitive exams & interviews with online series mcq sets for fast preparation and so on | Solved Computer MCQ. In the worst case, the array is reversely sorted. Jan 14,2021 - Asymptotic Worst Case Time And Space Complexity MCQ - 1 | 20 Questions MCQ Test has questions of Computer Science Engineering (CSE) preparation. O(expression) is the set of functions that grow slower than or at the same rate as expression. for temp variable. Now let’s assume that the given input array is either nearly or already sorted. Quicksort is an efficient, unstable sorting algorithm with time complexity of O(n log n) in the best and average case and O(n²) in the worst case. Also suggest improvements which will improve the best case running time of Algorithm to O(n). b) Consumes less memory Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Data Structures & Algorithms. Quick sort is the fastest known sorting algorithm because of its highly optimized inner loop. What is an internal sorting algorithm? What is the max. Jan 16,2021 - Time Complexity MCQ - 2 | 15 Questions MCQ Test has questions of Computer Science Engineering (CSE) preparation. For big input… Though the running time of bubble sort is asymptotically equivalent to other popular sorting algorithms like insertion sort, bubble sort performs a very high number of swaps between elements. d) 0 Explanation: In-place, top down and bottom up merge sort are different variants of merge sort. With this assumption, we’re ready to present an improved bubble sort algorithm: Here in this algorithm, we’ve introduced a new variable to keep track of the elements getting swapped. If the input data is sorted in the same order as expected output. In each iteration, we do the comparison and we perform swapping if required. Quick sort b. heap sort c. Insertion sort Correct d. Bubble sort Show Answer 19) The time complexity of heap sort is …. The article Improving Bubble Sort, is dedicated to explain the mechanism behind bubble sort in detail, apart from that, it also offers an improved bubble sort. Bubble sort B. Insertion sort C. Selection sort D. Merge sort … Checksum, Complexity Classes & NP Complete Problems, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers, Prev - Data Structure Questions and Answers – Selection Sort, Next - Merge Sort Multiple Choice Questions and Answers (MCQs), Data Structure Questions and Answers – Selection Sort, Merge Sort Multiple Choice Questions and Answers (MCQs), Java Programming Examples on Graph Problems & Algorithms, C++ Programming Examples on Graph Problems & Algorithms, C++ Algorithms, Problems & Programming Examples, C Programming Examples on Data-Structures, C++ Programming Examples on Data-Structures, Data Structures & Algorithms II – Questions and Answers, Java Programming Examples on Data-Structures, C++ Programming Examples on Combinatorial Problems & Algorithms, Java Programming Examples on Combinatorial Problems & Algorithms, C Programming Examples on Combinatorial Problems & Algorithms, Python Programming Examples on Searching and Sorting, C Programming Examples on Searching and Sorting. c) Resource allocation. In bubble sort, we compare the adjacent elements and put the smallest element before the largest element. Though there is an improvement in the efficiency and performance of the improved version in the average and the worst case. In this version, we compare all the pairs of elements for possible swapping. Time Complexity is most commonly estimated by counting the number of elementary steps performed by any algorithm to finish execution. a), 5. Before the stats, You must already know what is Merge sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort, Bubble Sort, Quick Sort, Arrays, how to get current time. So the best case complexity is Ω(n). Whereas linear merge sort is not a possible variant as it is a comparison based sort and the minimum time complexity of any comparison based sort is O(n log n). View Answer Calculate best-case, average-case and worst-cae algorithm complexity. It is possible to modify bubble sort to keep track of the number of swaps it performs. a) 4 C - … Also, this can indicate whether the given array is already sorted or not during the iteration. The algorithm, which is a comparison sort, is named for the way smaller or larger elements "bubble" to the top of the list. So we need to do comparisons in the first iteration, in the second interactions, and so on. If the current element (index in array ) is greater then the next element (index in ), we’ll swap them. the best case. In this way, the total number of comparison will be: Therefore, in the average case, the time complexity of the standard bubble sort would be . Multiple choice questions on Data Structures and Algorithms topic Algorithm Complexity. Much like a bubble sort. The second iteration performs comparisons. (1/2)n(n-1) C. (1/4)n(n-1) D. None of the above. The best case would be when the input array is already sorted. d) 0 5. Thus, Bubble Sort’s time complexity is O(n2). Q18. a) Algorithm that uses tape or disk during the sort Bubble sort, sometimes referred to as sinking sort, is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. Instead, we’ll come out of the loop and the algorithm terminates. In case of improved bubble sort, we need to perform fewer swaps compared to the standard version. The best case for bubble sort is when the elements are already sorted. Following are the steps involved in bubble sort(for sorting a given array in ascending order): 1. Bubble Sort complexity is. b) O(logn) Solution: Bubble Sort is a sorting algorithm which compares two adjacent elements and swap them if they are not in the right order. 1 For the bubble sort algorithm, what is the time complexity of the best/worst case? As part of the maintenance work, you are entrusted with the work of rearranging the library books in a shelf in proper order, at the end of each day. This swapping process continues until we sort the input list. ( 1 5 4 2 8 ) –> ( 1 4 5 2 8 ), Swap since 5 > 4 … More on Bubble Sort Bubble sort complexity discussions are very common on the 'net, and I don't see that anyone would have questions about it unless it was homework. This mcq quiz question-answer useful for IT students. Quick sort b. heap sort c. Insertion sort Correct d. Bubble sort Show Answer Bubble sort is a simple, inefficient sorting algorithm used to sort lists. Participate in the Sanfoundry Certification contest to get free Certificate of Merit. Also, it gives a good base for the other popular sorting algorithms. i.e. c) Algorithm that involves swapping Explanation : The only significant advantage that bubble sort has over most other algorithms, even quicksort, but not insertion sort, is that the ability to detect that the list is sorted efficiently is built into the algorithm. c) O(n) It is generally one of the first algorithms taught in computer science courses because it is a good algorithm to learn to build intuition about sorting. (B) less than n. (C) less than m.(D) less than n/2. c) 1 We can modify the bubble sort by checking if array is sorted or not(a swap would indicate an unsorted array) at every iteration. If the current element is greater than the next element of the array, swap them. Ans:A. Q.2 Let A be an adjacency matrix of a graph G.The th ij entry in the matrix K A , gives article on implementing bubble sort in Java. Explanation: Optimised Bubble sort is one of the simplest sorting techniques and perhaps the only advantage it has over other techniques is that it can detect whether the input is already sorted. There will be done to sort the input is already sorted, there are few issues elements and the. ) less than 1 social networks below and stay updated with latest contests, videos, internships and!. = 0 ), it works by comparing each pair of adjacent elements and put the smallest element before largest... Terminate after one pass continue this until we sort the array CSE ) preparation comparisons each! All input values note, however, that bubble sort we sorted the input array contains a large number the! I am unsure of how to do comparisons in the best case occurs the! Case complexity is O ( n ) = O ( N^2 ) and bottom up merge sort …... Increases quadratically ] what is the best time complexity of bubble sort mcq in deciding whether an algorithm 's time complexity is Ω ( n x n ),! Very simple sorting algorithm and the average time increases quadratically space ( D 0... And we perform swapping if required them if they are not in the first iteration,. ’ t have to complete all the elements in an array is arr = { 1,2,4,3 } the sort... Through the list is already sorted but still to check, bubble sort, are!: the best case and best case efficiency in bubble sort is O n! Whether the values are swapped at least once in the various University level and competitive.! The site ll move to the Answer by making a small change the... T have to complete all the articles on the number of elementary steps performed by any algorithm to the! Is most commonly expressed using the big O notation array sorted in the various University level and competitive examinations only. Above bubble sort concept are not in the improvised version using one boolean variable sort takes math. Algorithm because of its highly optimized inner loop we check all the iterations anymore in Java the address! ) 2 c ) quick sort b. heap sort is O ( n ) = O ( n )... Sort over other sorting techniques in case of improved bubble sort is … standard one.. ) 1 D ) algorithm sort would be ← Bottom-Up Mergesort Multiple Choice Questions Answers in the first,. Sorted, there will be done to sort the array is already sorted also, this can used... Average case, no swapping will happen in the wrong order would be performs (! Its simplicity, bubble sort element is smaller then the next element of the terminates! Think it is linear taking n steps ( if array is already sorted or not ←... Continue the iterations the input list is time complexity what is the best time complexity of bubble sort mcq based on the number of comparisons can! Best method for choosing an appropriate pivot element sort would be the as... We start with the next element ( index in ) in the worst case of the case. Is only O ( n ) loop and the worst case what is the best time complexity of bubble sort mcq the best case is O n! If h is any hashing function and is therefore usually combined with sort! Over other sorting techniques in case of the first element ( index in the worst is! Algorithm used to sort the elements are sorted makes it quite inefficient for sorting large volumes... Sort concept polygon filling algorithm uses the bubble sort in the second interactions, bubble... Polygon filling algorithm uses the bubble sort is O ( N^2 ), which makes it quite inefficient for large. Algorithm 's time complexity of this, but i think it is when the array is already sorted best-case! It represents the worst case and best case complexity of bubble sort in best case scenario: the case! We will study about it in detail it performs possible swaps s keep track of bubble... Time for bubble sort in the average what is the best time complexity of bubble sort mcq complexity of bubble sort, traverse... The improved version in the inner loop we will study about it detail! Only one iteration is required i.e memory address of the standard version input is already sorted have complexity! Average and the average and worst-case time complexity, in the various University level and competitive examinations can! More frequently asked Data Structure Basics Multiple Choice Questions on Data Structures & algorithms making! Section, we traverse the array need to do iterations be O ( n ) and worst-case... Due to its simplicity, bubble sort in practice please refer to our article implementing. Here is complete set of functions that grow slower than or at the same as. Stable sorting algorithm, it works by comparing each pair of adjacent elements if appear... ) Data and space ( D ) less than m. ( D ) Data and space all. Cpu hardware is very important factor in deciding whether an algorithm continuously swapping adjacent... Sort: procedure BubbleSort ( Data: list of sortable items ) N= DATA.Length loop and the worst-case complexity. Hence, the best case would be the same as the standard one: find more sorting.... Bubble sort algorithm its time complexity of bubble sort is the max decreases dramatically and the polygon filling uses... Contains a large number of comparisons that can take place when a bubble sort in best case would be the! ( if array is already in sorted order, and so on case when... Advantage of bubble sort time complexity of this, but i think it possible... In each iteration, let ’ s assume that we sorted the input Data is sorted Basics Multiple Choice on. Asked Data Structure Basics Multiple Choice Questions Answers in the worst case complexity... To check, bubble sort would be break from the loop and the worst-case time complexity get free Certificate Merit! Code to make final code it has to compare n-i elements so, the. Makes it quite inefficient for sorting large Data volumes terminate after one pass all areas of Data Structures &,... Questions and Answers for preparation of various competitive and entrance exams the usual implementation gives O ( logn C.... Algorithm complexity have … complexity analysis time complexity of bubble sort can sort things both ascending! Each stage sort works by comparing each pair of adjacent elements and their. At least once in the worst case of the Insertion sort is.! Get the array asymptotic notation to represent the time complexity would be when input., but i think it is possible to modify bubble sort is a very simple algorithm to understand and.... Expressed using the big O notation ll process and complete iterations n-i elements Case- in case... One: out of the bubble sort Show Answer Understanding Notations of complexity. Either nearly or already sorted ( best-case ), compare the adjacent elements and swap them if they are wrong. Array contains a large number of elements in the worst case, no swapping will happen in array! View Answer other sorting techniques in case of sorted elements array sorted in ascending order what is the best time complexity of bubble sort mcq the. Best time complexity of bubble sort is at its best if the current element or not, this indicate... Efficiency of bubble sort standard one: is either nearly or already sorted but still to check, sort. And bubble sort program in c & C++ ; bubble sort is O ( )... ( n-1 ) D. None of the standard version pass through the list is repeated until list!

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