Schwartz Performance’s “Skart” Rules All, SEMA 2020: Miller Electric Offers New Enthusiast-Friendly Welder. What really makes a car actually turn is the tires’ distortion between the contact patch on the racing surface and the wheel. camber via eccentric bolts. toe via eccentric bolts. pointing further into the corner than the car overall. For example, on the GT-R I can only get around 2-degrees negative camber with the factory adjustments. A car with excessive negative camber At Mid-Ohio, he changes the cross-weight. Other machines don’t provide data at all. Insufficient rear camber will produce a car that has less rear Whether your steering wheel doesn’t line up or your car pulls to one side, we are here to help you … Marcel explains the differences in Honda Challenge. None of these wheels are pointed straight, nor are they straight up and down. Alignment guy says camber increases (to the negative) by .1 degree all the way around with my weight in the car, virtually no tow change. aftermarket adjustable ones, Excessive rear camber will produce a reduced rear contact patch size in Other cars can have the front and rear Front Toe: 1/16-inch toe-out total but with more nuances. Therefore it is a good idea to try to obtain the desired balance via Jim Drago has won a lot of Spec Miata races, and is the only person ever to win two SCCA National Championships in Spec Miata. Every alignment we do is personalized to the drivers specifications, whether you want to change the characteristics of the car from understeer to oversteer or want to give us your latest tire temperature chart and let us adjust your camber using your data, we will do … Test and find out! Camber: What Is It And How Can It Make You Faster, The Pros And Cons Of A Sequential Gearbox, The Appeal of Pushrod Suspension: Why and Why Not. A common, though by no means universal, pattern is to have more rear camber ALIGNMENT SPECS David's Specs: WARNING, if you have manual steering, high positive caster will make the steering wheel harder to turn. And if a car is a rear-wheel drive or front-wheel drive completely changes what those specifications should be at baseline. Usual car suspension designs result in the outside wheel gaining positive grip in the corners In the end, the driver will decide what he or she prefers when behind the wheel. run -1 to -1.5 degrees of camber, depending primarily on street/track Marcel has years of experience prepping front-wheel-drive Hondas and Acuras for himself and other drivers. I run 3-degrees of negative camber on all four corners and I run zero toe. That car is really hard to control.”. the inside front wheel is unloaded and its contribution to the behavior of the Many cars require aftermarket camber plates to adjust front camber. Cars with double A-arm front suspensions like Miatas can also adjust the front toe or outward (positive camber), when viewed Rear Toe: 1/16-inch toe-in total. Camber in the rear of a car works on the same principles as camber in the front, We will start things off with Front Wheel Drive. Depending on your car, you may not be able to adjust all of the parameters. Allow me to introduce you to Marcel DeKerpel. from the front. in corners, making camber negative when the car is standing still According to Craig, the fact the car is rear-wheel drive completely changes the rear toe settings from a front-wheel-drive setup. For expertise on setting up a front-wheel-drive race car, who better than a Honda Challenge racer and mechanic? Camber: 0 to -.5° Toe: 1/8″ in. As I mentioned before, how a car is driven will influence the camber angle required. much power the car has. In talking with Marcel, we learned he had two different concepts for front-wheel-drive road racing setups. the adjustment potential and handling of the car. Because, when the front tires are toed-out, there is a constant slip angle on the tire and distortion, so when you turn the wheel the car instantly goes that direction. As mentioned, many if not most track-only cars have front camber more and mid-corner understeer/oversteer balance. and more front camber than rear camber Of course, that first lap when the tires are cold you better hold on! Front Camber: 2-degrees negative Schwartz Performance’s “Skart” Rules, Kirk Myhre: Stellar Helmet Painting For The Budget-Minded, Lingenfelter-Powered Z06 Dominates With Eliminator, The Spec Miata Master: Multi-Time National Champion — Jim, Road Racing Renaissance: Three Oval-Trackers Choose Lefts AND, How Ken Lingenfelter’s Love for Corvettes Benefits So, Joe McGuigan’s Oversteering Scion FR-S Blends Speed and, Coach’s Corner: Wheel-To-Wheel Racing — When To Make The, Great Racing Documentaries To Binge Watch During, SEMA 2020: Miller Electric Offers New Enthusiast-Friendly, SEMA 2020: 65-70 GM B-Body Full Vehicle Suspension, SEMA 2020: Silver Sport Transmissions’ Upgraded Five-Speed, PRI 2019: FIC’s New 1440cc With USCAR Plug/Injector Size, PRI 2019: Sway-A-Way Porsche 930 28-Spline Street And Race, PRI 2019: Energy Suspension Announces Poly Bushings For MK4, how to use pyrometer data to make better-informed alignment decisions, Ranger Road: Getting Veterans Into Endurance Racing. via eccentric bolts. These specs do not work and are not recommended for street use because of adverse tire wear. eccentric bolts, camber/caster plates, etc. Pfadt Race Engineering has provided alignment settings for your 2010-up Camaro and C5/C6 Corvette based upon their track testing and years of experience. toe produces more drag than zero toe. Caster 5 deg positive, or as much positive as you can achieve up to 5 deg, can use .5 deg additional positive on the passenger side to compensate for road crown. or an adjustable rod end. a car with front toe in. High Travel Springs In, Street Legal Mario Kart! So, unless you like buying tires, be careful with how you use these alignment settings. handling, by making it oversteer more than street settings would. which may be necessary if the car has a hard time getting enough heat into STREET PERFORMANCE SPECS * Caster: +2.0° to +3.5° Manual Steer +2.5° to +4.5° Power Steer. Without a baseline acceleration and Front Camber: 2.5-degrees negative A car with negative rear toe will tend to rotate eagerly under trailbraking, “For a 911, static rear toe-in is very important,” said Craig. A car with positive rear toe will tend to keep He has won everything there is to win in Spec Miata, both in the SCCA and NASA. Marcel DeKerpel of DK Racing is the master mechanic of the NASA SoCal Region Honda Challenge scene (a region that has more Honda Challenge National Championships than any other). drag in terms of tire wear front toe in a front wheel drive car). the front tires quicker under braking without ABS or have reduced braking One of the things he mentioned was how a tire needs the slip angle. However, a rear-wheel-drive car with an independent rear suspension and more articulation points and suspension bushings — like a Porsche 911 — will have some flex under power, which can change the rear toe angle. Web Based. This may call for less front camber than a similar RWD Your camber all the way around looks good, 3-3.5 degrees negative up front is probably ideal as is 2-2.5 negative in the rear. a less significant consideration than tire wear due to camber. Alignments are very specific to driving style. For a 911, you must run enough rear toe-in so that under hard braking or cornering (or both), if the wheels move into a zero or slightly toed-out condition, rear stability goes away. A positive rear toe The toe is what really differs with different driving styles. control arms or In this section you'll find corner weight scales and alignment equipment from some of the most respected manufacturers in the business, including Intercomp, Longacre, Dunlop, ART, and Smart. Rear toe has similar effects to the front toe except, in a rear wheel Track cars usually are set up with a touch of understeer. (1/32"-1/16" per side). Cars with trailing arm rear suspensions like Civics can adjust the rear toe substantially positive rear toe. FFR MK4 7285 IRS 428FE PSPB TKO600 470 FWHP 514 FT*LB Torque Delivered 8/10/2010 The same eccentrics adjust camber and toe; In drift cars, adding toe out is an easy way to get the car to oversteer more. results in the tires becoming more vertical in the corners, thus increasing Front Caster: 5-degrees positive necessitating the replacement of OEM suspension arms with aftermarket Race Car Alignments Drag and Race Car Specialists. And the drivers don’t like that, which will affect lap times.”. or camber links. Dave has driven all kinds of cars from Corvettes to Firebirds and has owned lots of very fast machinery, like his Nissan GT-R. Dave understands how small adjustments to a vehicle’s alignment can make a big difference on the track or the solo course. This clean Honda Challenge race car is the workhorse of NASA racer Marcel DeKerpel. by intermediate-level drivers run -2 to -3 or an adjustable rod end. weight is transfered to the outside tires, front toe has the opposite effect Research what adjustments are possible on your vehicle. The car may be prone to spinning when trailbraked. For that, we looked to a guy who has won more NASA National Championship than anyone else, Dave Schotz, who has spent some time playing with Nissan GT-Rs. “I like a square car, a car that has the same negative camber both front and rear. “Not only because of the rear weight bias, but remember an important major premise: suspension is not infinitely rigid. is happening. MacPherson strut cars would generally install If you want anything more than that, you need to install aftermarket upper control arms.”. The dealers print out did not show a range only a single recommended spec. A simple drop down selection process allows you to pick make, year & model and see your specs within seconds. which is turned less than the entire car, thus causing understeer. to adjust camber on the front axle. a small movement of the steering wheel will be sufficient to get the car to rotate. degrees of camber, depending on driver skill and aggression as much as 3/11 To cover performance alignment specs for a rear-wheel-drive car, we reached out to Craig Watkins who races Porsche 911s, was the engineer for Flying Lizard Motorsports, and owns Smart Racing Products. “We run between 1/16- to 1/8-inch of toe-in on our ESR cars.” Jim likes 50-percent cross-weight on his cars and between 3/4- to 1-inch of shock travel. If you set a static rear toe-out setting on a Porsche 911; under acceleration, the suspension moves, pointing those rear tires outward more than you would prefer, which makes the car extremely scary to drive. toe rear. Beginning with definitions of caster, camber and toe, McAmis then proceeds through the entire process of configuring each setting. resistance to heat buildup, also come into play. camber in a corner; the harder the car turns, the greater the camber gain. Marcel discussed what other drivers like with front-wheel drive, “Some people I set cars up for like a more aggressive setup. Low to medium power street car: minimally positive toe, front and rear Rear Toe: None (straight). such a way that the car oversteers (such as installing a huge rear Cars with double A-arm rear suspensions like Miatas can adjust the rear toe run -3 to -4 degrees of camber. with one that has either an eccentric bolt When he mentioned that, it made me realize why, when you put toe-out in the front of a car, it feels more responsive and has better initial turn-in. Rear Toe: 1.5 millimeters on both sides (3 millimeters in total). Here, you can see the mechanic using a Smart Camber tool to measure how much camber the wheel possesses. will tend to make the car understeer - the rear tires will follow the front of the suspension (positive caster) or rearward (negative caster). run the same size tires front and rear. “Sometimes, you are limited by what your car can do. But be careful finding the edge as you try a new setup, otherwise, you might find the wall before you find out you don’t like the new setup. set for even tire wear. LCA's all the way around are nice and level, so I'm good there. For example, cars with solid rear axles generally cannot adjust rear camber. than front camber on street cars (to maintain significant understeer) braking and acceleration, as well as shifting of this contact patch We are going to break these different alignment specifications down into Front-Wheel Drive (FWD), Rear-Wheel Drive (RWD) and All-Wheel Drive (AWD). A car with negative rear toe will want to RWD cars. closer together (positive toe) or further apart (negative toe) than aftermarket camber/caster plates front camber fixed will make the car understeer more. Rear Toe: 1 millimeter on both sides (2 millimeters in total), Front Caster: 7 to 9-degrees positive All rights reserved. Front Camber: 3-degrees negative Those of you who race know alignment specs will … camber and caster adjustments first and only if they are insufficient, of a street car. For a Spec Miata, which has independent suspension and rear-wheel drive, Jim agrees with Craig and runs toe-in in the rear. Front Toe: None (straight) mid corner direction changes, while front toe in makes the car darty Rear Camber: 2.5-degrees negative I'm willing to sacrifice tire wear on the street for better track handling, overall I expect my tires to wear more evenly with more camber. under throttle (this would be power oversteer). We contacted the suspension gurus at Hotchkis Performance to get the skinny on alignment and what the best settings are for a stock, street performance, and road-race car. The idea is to replace a fixed length OEM link The car will act “nervous” when ever changing street surface. “We run pretty much the same setup, a neutral setup for Spec Miata for cross-weights unless we are at Mid-Ohio,” said Jim. We have also previously covered how to use pyrometer data to make better-informed alignment decisions. They prefer 3.25-degrees of negative camber in the front, with 3.75-degrees of negative camber in the rear. Again, tire wear will probably provide the most clues as to what "Spirited driving" street cars or dual duty street/track cars car would use. FM (24mm) or Racing Beat 1" (25.4mm) solid bars will work. insufficiently, as the following picture demonstrates: In RWD cars, optimal camber setting for the front axle depends Any positive or negative Many cars do not have a way of adjusting the rear camber from the factory. DNN prefers the more aggressive alignment settings with lots of rear toe-out to help the car rotate. We use Smart Strings on the FordMuscle Fiesta ST project car to adjust toe settings so the car will be quicker around an autocross course. Obviously the high amount of camber will come at the expense of tire wear. A car with positive front toe will tend to track straight even in the increase tire life. Caster only applies to the front (steered) axle. additional eccentric. The Racing Beat 1.125 bar is too much for normal street tires (>240 treadwear). With most production cars set up to strongly understeer from the factory, So I have decided to fire all of them. However, mid corner Alignment specs. Adding camber will make the rear of the car more planted in the corners. He is a NASA Regional Champion and certainly knows his way around wrenching on front-wheel-drive cars. via the trailing arm link at the forward end of the trailing arm. They prefer 3.25-degrees of negative camber in the front, with 3.75-degrees of negative camber in the rear. On a car with positive toe, or toe in, lines drawn parallel to the wheels converge For your review (and comment if you must ) my alignment specs. A FWD car heating up its front tires past their optimal temperature range or alternatively replace the ball joints themselves with Rear Camber: 3.5-degrees negative As you can see, the more power a car has the more positive toe it tends to What You Can Adjust. The same eccentrics adjust camber and toe; left and right tires. which allow the ball joint to slide in a slot in the control arm, Video: How Does One Build Confidence In A Race Car? Low power drift car: negative toe, front and rear. High power drift car: negative toe front, minimally negative to will want less front camber. Camber. So as you can see from the specs above, we suggest you start with about -2.75 degrees of front camber and about a degree less of rear camber. Front Toe: 1 millimeter out, both sides (2 millimeters out total) that excessive camber is causing reduced acceleration or braking performance; More front negative camber for mid-corner grip? You can see the extreme alignment settings on Jim Drago’s Spec Miata. on the front wheels. Adjusting camber (the tilt of the wheel) is a quick way to ensure you will have more contact patch on the ground during hard cornering. “When we go to Autoclub Speedway in Fontana, I take all of the toe settings out of the cars to streamline them for the high-speed banking.”, Front Caster: As much positive caster as possible 5.00 ~ 5.5" front pinch weld height.06 ~ .18" rake, rear higher on how hard the driver corners vs how hard they brake. A Pull - Generally, you will notice this when you let go of the steering wheel and the vehicle automatically “pulls” left or right while driving. front camber, which can be useful as FWD cars often need all of the front In a NASCAR ® oval race, the race cars only make left turns. As long as the camber is not excessive in the sense that it begins to reduce A very inexpensive and easy way to get more performance out of a car is by merely adjusting the alignment settings. In cars where caster helps avoid positive camber gain in corners, it We will safeguard your e-mail and only send content you request. frequently would say that toe is the most important parameter to be correctly To get another perspective from a rear-wheel-drive car — but with a lot less horsepower — we went to Maita Master Jim Drago, who owns East Street Racing (ESR). either direction. mid corner and may even cause oversteer under power in front wheel drive cars. with one that has either an eccentric bolt A car with zero toe has the wheels exactly parallel to each other. Craig Watkins was the engineer for Flying Lizard Motorsports and helped the team earn a pole position at LeMans. Front Camber: 3.75-degrees negative toe links This is why rear-wheel-drive cars need static toe-in setup in the alignment. throttle. You will see the alignment specs vary depending on the drive wheels, especially when it comes to rear toe settings. attachment points, not shock upper mounts. Because non-zero front toe produces these opposite behaviors when the car They like 1/16-inch of toe-out in the front, each side, and 1/8-inch of toe-out in the rear, each side. Front Toe: 3/16-inch toe-out total aftermarket control arms Understeer rather than oversteer is important so that the car can I'd like some input as to a decent street and road racing setup if you've got some experience. There are three primary components that influence these areas: toe, camber and caster. the size of contact patch when it is most needed. minimally positive toe rear depending on car balance and driving style. Aftermarket control arms are frequently offered to allow adjustment of toe on pavement. Running a lot of rear camber would also heat up the rear tires more, is drag on the straights. Oh and… from what I can tell it’s NOT due to wheel size. Cars with double A-arm front suspensions like Miatas can also adjust the front the size of tire contact patch is greatest when the car is not cornering Camber is maxed out all the way around with the simple mods made. around the car's center. If I run any toe at all, I will add a millimeter of toe-out to the front.”, For Hondas, he just runs as much positive caster as possible. I dont ever plan on racing or anything so i cant imagine that the "stock" fox body suspension specs wouldnt suffice for a street car. more negative while keeping the rear camber fixed will make the car Camber values over -3 degrees are normally only found on the front axle. Hope this helps. Front Camber: 1.5-degrees negative Marcel DeKerpel (in his baby blue Civic) chases a DNN Motorsports Acura Integra around Buttonwillow Raceway. Published: June 26, 2013; updated: October 3, 2017. Less experienced drivers who do not corner as hard duty split and OEM camber adjustment range. run, especially on the driven wheels. Medium power RWD track car: zero front toe, minimally positive and smallest when the car is cornering. This can be done by adjusting the caster, camber, and toe settings to help align the four tires on your car in a way that helps the car get around corners quickly and down the straights faster. They just have red and green lights to get the car back to manufacturer-recommended alignment specs, which differ greatly from racing specs. Dave Schotz is a 17-time NASA National Champion in road racing and a 3-time SCCA National Champion in autocross. QuickSpecs TM database provides you with unlimited automotive alignment specifications for all non-commercial vehicles sold in North America from 1960 – 2019. Come down to Kovach’s if your race car or drag car needs an alignment and we would be more than happy to help you. The tire compound, in particular its optimal temperature range and The Street Alignment may cause a 100% stock Miata to oversteer, or be too "loose" so it is recommended to use the front sway bars described here. The camber angle identifies how far the tire slants away from vertical when viewed directly … To see empirically why this is so, consider toe out. lift inside front wheel in the corners, thus not using it at all. FWD track cars may resort to extreme amounts of rear camber to balance the Some drivers like a more conservative setup, while others like a Bonsai approach to corner entry. Total Toe 0.0” ± 0.2” 1/8” ± ¼”. have a bit of positive front toe aligned into them. FWD track car: zero to substantially negative toe front and rear, depending on their unfavorable weight distribution. Camber is whether the top points of the wheels are facing inward (negative camber) There is nothing to change in the back of those cars. All rights reserved. In contrast, virtually all street cars have more rear camber than front, As most cars are limited by grip Without him, over half of the field in Southern California wouldn’t start a single race. aftermarket control arms We've also found '64 Chevelle stock alignment specs as a point of reference. Cars with double A-arm rear suspensions like Miatas can also adjust the rear exist which help in separating toe from camber adjustment by adding an He mentioned cars like older generation Mustangs or Camaros with solid rear axles don’t have a toe adjustment. This understeering tendency however is very slight. Its up to the driver to specify a specifics alignment if need be. diverge forward of the car. More advanced drivers tend to corner harder drift, or powerslide, and tracking straight is obviously a desired characteristic The reason for more front camber is that the front tires do a lot more work on a FWD car, since they’re being asked to both steer and put the power down, and we always want to maximize front grip in the corners and then balance the chassis with … The left hand wheels are on the inside of the turn, so they use positive camber. braking, especially when braking in curved paths. “It is really driver dependent, said Marcel. High power street car: minimally positive toe in on non-driven wheels, Video: Scaring Mom In A Lotus Exige Cup 430 At Cadwell Park! “With a powerful rear-engine car like a Porsche, toe angles in the rear are particularly important,” said Craig. Jim agreed with Marcel that alignment setups are sometimes track-dependent. braking and turning. Some cars, for example Miatas, desire a specific front to rear camber difference In this in-depth video, Tim McAmis covers all aspects of front end alignment. road course setup employs either zero front toe or minimal front toe in Car Balance. oversteer more, while making the rear camber more negative while keeping the Craig spent over a decade engineering Porsches in the American LeMans Series setting the cars up for tracks all over the country and beyond. and could easily go into a drift under trailbraking or with aggressive On a road course front toe primarily affects eagerness of the car to turn They like 1/16-inch of toe-out in the front, each side, and 1/8-inch of toe-out in the rear, each side. Since every different car in competition will be different, use the following basic guidelines for wheel alignment: Camber should be set at zero; you should try to keep the front wheels straight up and down. Unless you went to an off road shop where they work on modified vehicles on the daily where they know how to exactly set your alignment then you need to specify numbers. On the track, tire wear due to toe is generally Camber plates are not applicable to On the street, since the overwhelming In FWD and to a lesser extend AWD cars,

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